{"id":201,"date":"2024-08-03T14:59:50","date_gmt":"2024-08-03T14:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climate-reality.net\/?page_id=201"},"modified":"2026-08-04T11:36:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T11:36:21","slug":"what-is-causing-climate-warming","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/climate-reality.net\/?page_id=201","title":{"rendered":"What is causing today&#8217;s climate change?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The cause of today&#8217;s climate change, in order of priority, are:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Human Caused Greenhouse Gases<\/strong><br><strong>Less Pollution causing fewer clouds<\/strong><br><strong>Ocean Stratification<\/strong><br><strong>Feedbacks from warmer temperatures:<\/strong><br>&#8230;..<strong>Fewer clouds<\/strong> <strong>(also)<\/strong><br>&#8230;..<strong>Greater natural greenhouse gas emissions<\/strong><br><strong>Urban Heat Island effect<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Human Caused Greenhouse Gases: the main cause of climate change:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See a detailed discussion of why human causes are nearly certain on my page <a href=\"https:\/\/climate-reality.net\/?page_id=132\" title=\"Are humans causing climate change?\">Are humans causing climate change<\/a>. See a detailed discussion of how greenhouse gases work on <a data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"311\" href=\"https:\/\/climate-reality.net\/?page_id=311\">this page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Carbon Dioxide (CO2) <\/strong>is by far the most prevalent human-affected greenhouse gas, so much so that even though it has the weakest effect per unit, it has the largest effect on the atmosphere. CO2 is emitted by combustion, whether of coal, oil, natural gas, wood or plant or animal wastes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Methane (CH4) <\/strong>is by far the second most influential greenhouse gas. &nbsp;The number of molecules in the atmosphere is 1\/200th &nbsp;that of CO, but methane has a greenhouse effect that is approximately 140 times &nbsp;more powerful than CO2 by weight when emitted, 80 after twenty years and 30 after 100 years. &nbsp; My studies suggest that its greenhouse effect is larger than the official number. &nbsp;The largest human-caused sources of methane are &nbsp;fossil fuels and bovines (cattle, water buffalo, etcetera), all of which are increasing. &nbsp;Natural emissions of methane are increasing with hotter temperatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nitrous Oxide (N2O)<\/strong> is a very powerful greenhouse gas with a comparison value of 300 by weight when emitted and \u00a0perhaps 270 after 100 years. \u00a0The number of molecules in the atmosphere is said to be 1\/6 that of methane. \u00a0But this is also probably an under count. \u00a0 About four-fifths of atmospheric N2O originates from the use of nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture and one-twentieth is from animal dung. \u00a0Natural emissions \u00a0of nitrous oxide are the rest.  Natural emissions are rising with increasing temperatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Refrigerant gases used today (usually HFCs<\/strong>) have very high greenhouse values, often over 1000 , and they often live for hundreds or thousands of years. \u00a0Some usages, such as supermarkets,  can leak up to 25% a year, and in homes refrigerant may leak out due to punctures or age or failure to recycle. \u00a0Warming caused by refrigerant gasses is presently about 2.5% of that from CO2.<sup data-fn=\"0c22043b-55a1-463f-86ad-166632c10685\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"0c22043b-55a1-463f-86ad-166632c10685-link\" href=\"#0c22043b-55a1-463f-86ad-166632c10685\">1<\/a><\/sup> \u00a0Legislation has mainly eliminated the refrigerant gases that were destroying the ozone layer, but not those with a high greenhouse effect. \u00a0In most situations, it as been impractical or impossible to replace HFC&#8217;s with low-emission gases. \u00a0 The amount of refrigeration gases emitted is increasing at the fastest rate of any greenhouse gas, multiplying around 4 times since 1990<sup data-fn=\"e2ec1143-736c-40da-b29d-6f82b3ada0fe\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"e2ec1143-736c-40da-b29d-6f82b3ada0fe-link\" href=\"#e2ec1143-736c-40da-b29d-6f82b3ada0fe\">2<\/a><\/sup> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Despite the &nbsp;glib talk of limiting them, the amount emitted of every greenhouse gas has been growing every year.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Less Pollution: the second-most  cause of recent climate change:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The historical emission of two pollutants has held down temperature increases. The great reduction of these since 1970 has been responsible for perhaps up to one-half of recent warming worldwide. Their effect has been greatest in the region where they have been emitted.<sup data-fn=\"e407dea7-6b25-4b4e-8e49-86ce207e9c31\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"e407dea7-6b25-4b4e-8e49-86ce207e9c31-link\" href=\"#e407dea7-6b25-4b4e-8e49-86ce207e9c31\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pollutants affecting the climate have been, mainly, sulfur dioxide (SO2), then carbon particles. \u00a0The principal historical emitter of both has been coal. \u00a0Fuel oil also has contained as much as one-half percent sulphur. \u00a0With the reduced use of coal and the adoption of very low sulphur fuel oil, SO2 and carbon particles have greatly decreased in recent years. \u00a0In the UK, for example, SO2 emissions have decreased 98% since 1970.<sup data-fn=\"450c7a41-f579-4a60-9f9f-53039bf87942\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"450c7a41-f579-4a60-9f9f-53039bf87942-link\" href=\"#450c7a41-f579-4a60-9f9f-53039bf87942\">4<\/a><\/sup> This may well be mainly responsible for the much warmer climate recently in the U.K.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/cgi-bin\/broker?_service=data&amp;_server=134.67.99.91&amp;_port=4089&amp;_sessionid=LfTvZoqLS52&amp;_program=replay&amp;_entry=apswork.x000043C.SGPlot.png\" alt=\"This graph shows a 94 percent decrease in Sulfur Dioxide concentrations between 1980 and 2022 based on 29 trend sites.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sulfur dioxide and to a lesser extent carbon particles had a double effect in warming temperatures: \u00a0first, SO2 combined with water vapor to form tiny particles of sulfuric acid that reflected the sun; and second these particles seeded clouds which also reflected the sun. In addition, the lack of these seeding particles has decreased rain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Throughout the industrial revolution pollution held down climate warming. They even, in 1860 to 1880, 1900 to 1920 and 1940 to 1960, caused the climate to cool slightly. &nbsp;In 1980, before recent SO2 reductions, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated that aerosols reduced global temperatures by about 0.4\u00ba C. &nbsp;<strong>So since 1980, assuming an 80% worldwide reduction, these reductions must have increased world temperatures by 0.32\u00ba C, which is equal to more than one-half the entire rise in temperature from 1980 to 2023<\/strong>. The reductions of polution are continuing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ocean stratification has increased Climate Warming:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2024 all the world&#8217;s oceans have reached the hottest temperatures ever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/news.stthomas.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/John-Abraham-ocean-heat-1024x529.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-209922\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The average temperature of the entire ocean is 5C \u2014 far less than the upper layer \u2014 so when the top water mixes with the water further down it limits the rise in temperature. (See the graphic below.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"813\" src=\"https:\/\/climate-reality.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/oceanlayers-1-1800x813.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/climate-reality.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/oceanlayers-1-1800x813.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/climate-reality.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/oceanlayers-1-300x136.jpg 300w, https:\/\/climate-reality.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/oceanlayers-1-768x347.jpg 768w, https:\/\/climate-reality.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/oceanlayers-1-1536x694.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/climate-reality.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/oceanlayers-1-2048x925.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A study published in 2021 in the journal <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Nature<\/span><sup data-fn=\"afd8d82b-3ea2-40b9-90b7-b28f67f4a4b8\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"afd8d82b-3ea2-40b9-90b7-b28f67f4a4b8-link\" href=\"#afd8d82b-3ea2-40b9-90b7-b28f67f4a4b8\">5<\/a><\/sup> found that world&#8217;s oceans have become more stratified each decade as far back as the data goes (to 1970); that is the upper layer of the ocean is not mixing as much with the layers below, and the study found also that the upper layer was getting thicker; that is, more warm water had accumulated there.\u00a0This is happening, it is believed, because hotter water is less dense and also because the surface layer has become less salty due to glacier and iceberg melt. The illustration below shows the temperature distribution of the oceans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obviously, if the hot upper layer waters are not cooled by lower ocean layers, they will remain hot and get hotter \u2014 &nbsp;and since oceans are hotter, land temperatures will also become hotter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cloud changes and greenhouse gas increases from warmer temperatures are accelerating warming.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recent studies of clouds have found that, apart from pollution reduction, warmer temperatures are reducing cloud numbers and reflectivity.<sup data-fn=\"e412fdd8-2890-41d1-8ba8-8bf9f0b650a9\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"e412fdd8-2890-41d1-8ba8-8bf9f0b650a9-link\" href=\"#e412fdd8-2890-41d1-8ba8-8bf9f0b650a9\">6<\/a><\/sup> <sup data-fn=\"036b66dc-3d3b-4b4e-b929-1dde0c7f496f\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"036b66dc-3d3b-4b4e-b929-1dde0c7f496f-link\" href=\"#036b66dc-3d3b-4b4e-b929-1dde0c7f496f\">7<\/a><\/sup> If many clouds disappear, at least 4% more solar radiation would reach the earth. According to Climate.gov, a .07% change in solar irradiation (the maximum amount that the sun has varied over the historical record) would result in a 0.1 degree change. Thus a 0.7% change wold result in a temperature change of 1 C, and a 4% change would result in a change 5.7\u00ba C (10.3\u00baF warming)! Many climate models are being updated to predict this!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Warming temperatures are also increasing the rate of nitrous oxide and methane emissions from wetlands and landfills; and they are increasing the rate of melting of the permafrost. A recent study of 2000 melted permafrost sites<sup data-fn=\"9514fdda-9816-4a46-8191-27300f2335f0\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"9514fdda-9816-4a46-8191-27300f2335f0-link\" href=\"#9514fdda-9816-4a46-8191-27300f2335f0\">8<\/a><\/sup> found that while they were on balance emitting only a little CO2, they were emitting larger amounts of methane and nitrous oxide than forecast by climate models. This has been labeled the &#8220;methane bomb&#8221;, but might be called the &#8220;methane and nitrous oxide bomb&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Urban Heat Islands affect the temperature people experience:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most people live in sizable urban areas, although they are only 1% of the earth&#8217;s surface. &nbsp;The temperatures that most people experience, as well as the temperatures reported by most weather stations, reflect the urban heat island effect. Cities sizes have increased by 2,3,4 or more times in the last 100 years so today&#8217;s heat island effect is much stronger. Heat island effects are caused by structures trapping heat, and for that reason are bigger at night.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is common knowledge that temperatures are warmer in a city than in the country. \u00a0\u00a0The organization Climate Central, in 2023, measured the heat island effect in United States cities that have over 550,000 inhabitants\u2014 where 80% of the US population lives. \u00a0They found that all cities (when city areas were weighted by population) had more than a 7.2\u00ba F \u00a0(4.0\u00ba C) heat island effect. \u00a0New York City had a 9.5\u00ba F (5.3C) heat island effect. Other studies have found that London is 4.5\u00baC hotter (8\u00ba F) than rural surroundings, and that Central Paris \u00a03\u00baC (5.4\u00ba F) hotter than its suburbs, which are hotter than rural areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The land temperatures used by governments are at least 0.1\u00baC hotter than satellite temperatures, because weather stations today are more frequently in urban areas and near heat sources such as airports&nbsp; Satellite world temperatures are are therefore a better indications of total global warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"75\" href=\"https:\/\/climate-reality.net\/?page_id=75\">Are we slowing climate warming?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li id=\"0c22043b-55a1-463f-86ad-166632c10685\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluorocarbons.org\/environment\/climate-change\/atmospheric-concentrations\">https:\/\/www.fluorocarbons.org\/environment\/climate-change\/atmospheric-concentrations<\/a> <a href=\"#0c22043b-55a1-463f-86ad-166632c10685-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"e2ec1143-736c-40da-b29d-6f82b3ada0fe\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/downloads\/report\/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SPM.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/downloads\/report\/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SPM.pdf<\/a> <a href=\"#e2ec1143-736c-40da-b29d-6f82b3ada0fe-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 2\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"e407dea7-6b25-4b4e-8e49-86ce207e9c31\">See maps on a Google search &#8220;map of so2 concentrations in atmosphere&#8221; <a href=\"#e407dea7-6b25-4b4e-8e49-86ce207e9c31-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 3\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"450c7a41-f579-4a60-9f9f-53039bf87942\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/emissions-of-air-pollutants\/emissions-of-air-pollutants-in-the-uk-sulphur-dioxide-so2\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/emissions-of-air-pollutants\/emissions-of-air-pollutants-in-the-uk-sulphur-dioxide-so2<\/a> <a href=\"#450c7a41-f579-4a60-9f9f-53039bf87942-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 4\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"afd8d82b-3ea2-40b9-90b7-b28f67f4a4b8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03303-x\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03303-x<\/a> <a href=\"#afd8d82b-3ea2-40b9-90b7-b28f67f4a4b8-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 5\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"e412fdd8-2890-41d1-8ba8-8bf9f0b650a9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e360.yale.edu\/features\/why-clouds-are-the-key-to-new-troubling-projections-on-warming\">https:\/\/e360.yale.edu\/features\/why-clouds-are-the-key-to-new-troubling-projections-on-warming<\/a> <a href=\"#e412fdd8-2890-41d1-8ba8-8bf9f0b650a9-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 6\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"036b66dc-3d3b-4b4e-b929-1dde0c7f496f\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/news\/194738\/thanks-clouds-climate-simulations-predict-more\/\">https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/news\/194738\/thanks-clouds-climate-simulations-predict-more\/<\/a> <a href=\"#036b66dc-3d3b-4b4e-b929-1dde0c7f496f-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 7\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"9514fdda-9816-4a46-8191-27300f2335f0\">https:\/\/essopenarchive.org\/users\/659537\/articles\/663466-the-net-ghg-balance-and-budget-of-the-permafrost-region-2000-2020-from-ecosystem-flux-upscaling <a href=\"#9514fdda-9816-4a46-8191-27300f2335f0-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 8\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The cause of today&#8217;s climate change, in order of priority, are: Human Caused Greenhouse GasesLess Pollution causing fewer cloudsOcean StratificationFeedbacks [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.fluorocarbons.org\/environment\/climate-change\/atmospheric-concentrations\\\">https:\/\/www.fluorocarbons.org\/environment\/climate-change\/atmospheric-concentrations<\/a>\",\"id\":\"0c22043b-55a1-463f-86ad-166632c10685\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/downloads\/report\/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SPM.pdf\\\">https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/downloads\/report\/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SPM.pdf<\/a>\",\"id\":\"e2ec1143-736c-40da-b29d-6f82b3ada0fe\"},{\"content\":\"See maps on a Google search \\\"map of so2 concentrations in atmosphere\\\"\",\"id\":\"e407dea7-6b25-4b4e-8e49-86ce207e9c31\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/emissions-of-air-pollutants\/emissions-of-air-pollutants-in-the-uk-sulphur-dioxide-so2\\\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/emissions-of-air-pollutants\/emissions-of-air-pollutants-in-the-uk-sulphur-dioxide-so2<\/a>\",\"id\":\"450c7a41-f579-4a60-9f9f-53039bf87942\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03303-x\\\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03303-x<\/a>\",\"id\":\"afd8d82b-3ea2-40b9-90b7-b28f67f4a4b8\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/e360.yale.edu\/features\/why-clouds-are-the-key-to-new-troubling-projections-on-warming\\\">https:\/\/e360.yale.edu\/features\/why-clouds-are-the-key-to-new-troubling-projections-on-warming<\/a>\",\"id\":\"e412fdd8-2890-41d1-8ba8-8bf9f0b650a9\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/news\/194738\/thanks-clouds-climate-simulations-predict-more\/\\\">https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/news\/194738\/thanks-clouds-climate-simulations-predict-more\/<\/a>\",\"id\":\"036b66dc-3d3b-4b4e-b929-1dde0c7f496f\"},{\"content\":\"https:\/\/essopenarchive.org\/users\/659537\/articles\/663466-the-net-ghg-balance-and-budget-of-the-permafrost-region-2000-2020-from-ecosystem-flux-upscaling\",\"id\":\"9514fdda-9816-4a46-8191-27300f2335f0\"}]"},"class_list":["post-201","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The cause of today&#039;s climate change, in order of priority, are: Human Caused Greenhouse GasesLess Pollution causing fewer cloudsOcean StratificationFeedbacks from warmer temperatures:.....Fewer clouds (also).....Greater natural greenhouse gas emissionsUrban Heat Island effect Human Caused Greenhouse Gases: the main 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